On morphological criteria it was shown to be a virus with a highly complex structure related to the viruses of vesicular stomatitis and rabies 6, 7. Greifswald, erlangen, jena, and tubingen, as well as the city of gie. An infectious disease transmitted by cercopithecus aethiops. Both viruses are native to africa, where sporadic outbreaks have occurred for decades. Marburg virus disease is a severe disease that causes haemorrhagic fever in humans and animals. Ebola virus diseaserelated stigma among survivors declined. The disease was first discovered in 1967 in marburg and frankfurt, germany, after laboratory workers were infected from monkeys imported from uganda. Guidance for collection, transport, and submission of specimens for ebola virus testing in the united states. Thereafter, sporadic cases and outbreaks of mvd have been documented in south africa, kenya, the democratic republic of the. Later, severe, generalized bleeding dominates the clinical course. Viral hemorrhagic fevers, machupo virus to viral hemorrhagic fevers, sabia virus 2019. Ebola and marburg virus disease epidemics preparedness. In september 2014, a single fatal case of marburg virus was identified in a healthcare worker in kampala, uganda.
Marburg virus disease outbreak in kween district uganda. Marburg virus disease are now preferred by the world health organization who and some other groups. This is the key difference between ebola and marburg. The virus causes the disease marburg hemorrhagic fever mhf, also referred to as marburg virus disease. Marburg virus disease was first identified in 1967 during epidemics in marburg and frankfurt in germany and belgrade in the former yugoslavia from importation of infected african green monkeys and fruit bats from uganda. Marburgvirus, genus of viruses in family filoviridae, known for causing severe disease in humans and other primates. Marburg virus disease an overview sciencedirect topics. Marburgvirus infections ebola and marburg virus disease, ebola and marburg hemorrhagic fever, african hemorrhagic fever in africa. Marburg virus disease mvd is caused by marburg virus marv. European centre for disease prevention and control. Clinical documentation and data transfer from ebola and. Uganda has reported five 5 ebola virus disease outbreaks and three 3 marburg virus disease outbreaks from 2000 to 2016. Author summary marburg virus disease mvd is caused by the virus that belongs to the same family as that of ebola virus disease.
The cfe is a specific, replenishable funding mechanism established to provide the resources necessary to rapidly scale up whos initial, acute response to outbreaks and emergencies with health consequences. Ebola virus disease, first recognized in 1976 in the democratic republic of the congo, is a serious and often fatal illness in humans and nonhuman primates. This initial outbreak had a reported casefatality rate of 22%, with seven of 31 infected patients perishing. Isolated case of marburg virus disease, kampala, uganda, 2014. Causative agent virus virus virus virus virus virus parasite virus virus bacteria virus virus bacteria year first case identified 1976 1989 1981 2009 ancient disease 1969 ancient disease 1967 ancient disease ancient disease ancient disease 2003 ancient disease primary modes of transmission. Marburg hemorrhagic fever centers for disease control. Marburg virus disease is a zoonotic infection that produces symptoms such as chills, headaches, fever, and muscle aches. Marburg virus is a hemorrhagic fever virus of the filoviridae family of viruses and a member of the species marburg marburgvirus, genus marburgvirus. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page.
In 2017, an ebola virus disease outbreak was reported in the. Despite confirming that queen elizabeth did condemn the duke for the contents of the documents. Marburg virus disease outbreak in kween district uganda, 2017. Get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article 537k. The largest mvd outbreak on record occurred in uige, angola, in. There have been 12 known marburg virus disease mvd outbreaks, most recently in 2017 in uganda 3,4. Both viruses cause marburg virus disease in humans and nonhuman primates, a form of viral hemorrhagic fever. Marburg virus disease is an emerging and highly virulent epidemicprone disease associated with high case fatality rates case fatality rate.
About marburg virus disease marburg virus is one of 2 viruses belonging to the filovirus family, it causes a severe and fatal haemorrhagic fever called marburg virus disease which is clinically difficult to differentiate from ebola virus disease 3. Morphology, development, and classification of the marburg. Rousettus aegyptiacus, fruit bats of the pteropodidae family, are considered to be natural hosts of marburg virus. Pdf 2 pages pdf 2 pages why ebola is not likely to become airborne. The treatment for marburg virus disease involves supportive care. Ebola virus disease evdrelated stigma was a recognized but poorly understood consequence of ebola outbreaks prior to the 20 index case of evd in guinea. Calculation of incubation period and serial interval from. Ebola belongs to the virus family called filoviridae. Ebola virus and marburg virus mayo clinic mayo clinic. One species has been described, marburg marburgvirus formerly lake victoria marburgvirus, which is represented by two viruses, ravn virus ravv and marburg virus marv. Marburg is the seat of the oldest protestant founded university in the world, the university of marburg philippsuniversitatmarburg, founded in 1527. Risk factors include exposure to african green monkeys and certain bats.
Marburg virus disease uganda, 25 october 2017 uganda. Welcome to cdc stacks centers for disease control and. Person to person transmission occurs when coming into contact with the blood and bodily secretions of infected. Marburg virus disease, formerly known as marburg virus hemorrhagic fever, disease caused by infection with a marburg virus, a filovirus that belongs to a family filoviridae of rna viruses that also includes ebola virus. Marburg virus disease, a severe, distinctive, hemorrhagic illness with a high rate of mortality, is heralded early by severe sore throat, a maculopapular rash, and a red exanthem on the hard and soft palate. Marburg virus is a singlestranded rna virus genus marburgvirus, family filoviridae that is the etiologic agent of marburg hemorrhagic fever in humans and nonhuman primates mehedi et al. Once all of the elements required to create a new marburg virion the virus exits the cell via exocytosis and is then able to infect more of the hosts cells. Marburg virus disease spreads among humans by humanto human transmission via direct contact through broken skin or mucous membranes with the blood, secretions, organs or other bodily fluids of infected people, and with surfaces and materials e. It is a zoonosis an animal disease that can spread to humans believed to be transmitted by african fruit bats rousettus aegyptiacus to humans. Whos governing body, the world health assembly, established a contingency fund for emergencies cfe, on 26 may 2015. Pdf marburg virus disease outbreak in kween district uganda. Four of six known virus species of the ebolavirus genus are known to infect humans and cause ebola virus disease.
Isolated case of marburg virus disease, kampala, uganda. Media in category marburg virus disease the following 4 files are in this category, out of 4 total. Health care workers caring for patients with suspected or confirmed marburg virus disease should apply strict infection control precautions. Marburg virus mexico pdf ppt case reports symptoms. A hitherto unknown infectious disease contracted from monkeys. Jun, 2017 marburg virus marv has caused outbreaks of filoviral hemorrhagic fever since its discovery in 1967. Marburg virus disease is caused by viruses that produce symptoms of fever, chills, headaches and muscle aches early in the disease. It is one of the smaller university towns in germany. Reporting all suspect or probable cases of marburg virus disease must be immediately reported to the public health agency of canada through its 24hour emergency line.
Marburg hemorrhagic fever marburg hf is a rare but severe hemorrhagic fever which affects both humans and nonhuman primates. Although this is a minor fraction, it constitutes a safety risk. The largest and deadliest outbreak occurred in angola in 2005, with 252 cases and 227 deaths. Isolation of angolalike marburg virus from egyptian. Fortunately, scientists were able to look back and examine the outbreaks by piecing together data from survivors. Marburg virus disease mvd formerly known as marburg haemorrhagic fever was first identified in 1967 during epidemics in marburg and frankfurt in germany and belgrade in the former yugoslavia from importation of infected monkeys from uganda. Scientists determined that the causative agent for these outbreaks was a virus similar to marburg, another filovirus. If you have problems viewing pdf files, download the latest version of adobe reader for language access assistance, contact the ncats public information officer genetic and rare diseases information center gard po box 8126, gaithersburg, md 208988126 tollfree. The virus was accidentally released a few times in commercial software. August 2016 importance ebolaviruses and marburgviruses are incompletely understood pathogens that. The first recognized outbreak of marburg virus disease was reported in 1967 among laboratory workers from germany and yugoslavia who had come into contact with infected nonhuman primate nhp tissues 1,2,3.
Both are select agents, world health organization risk group 4 pathogens requiring biosafety level 4equivalent. Multidistrict outbreak of marburg virus diseaseuganda, 2012. Marburg virus marv causes marburg virus disease in humans and nonhuman primates, a form of viral hemorrhagic fever symptoms. The potential transmission of mvd between the colonies and to humans, as well as the crossborder movement of people between the affected district and kenya, increases the risk of crossborder spread. Facts about bushmeat and ebola html chlorine poisoning. The reservoir hunt,14 traditionally infectious disease causes mild or no disease in reservoir species primates succumb to hf after infection no definite reservoir or vector identified epidemic and vector control hampered by lack of clear reservoir animal. Isolation of angolalike marburg virus from egyptian rousette. We describe the rapid identification, laboratory diagnosis, and case investigation of the third marburg virus outbreak in uganda. Marburg virus definition of marburg virus by medical. Ebola virus and marburg virus live in animal hosts, and humans can contract the. The genus marburgvirus is the taxonomic home of marburg marburgvirus, whose members are the two known marburgviruses, marburg virus marv and ravn virus ravv. Thirtyone people became ill, initially laboratory workers followed by several medical personnel and family members who had cared for them. Lujo virus disease nipah virus infection marburg virus disease mvd pneumonic plague yersinia pestis severe fever with thrombocytopaenia syndrome sfts severe acute respiratory syndrome sars no cases reported since 2004, but sars remains a noti. It is named after a deadly human virus discovered in germany in a research laboratory that housed monkeys.
Marburg virus disease mvd is a viral infection caused by the marburg virus belonging to the filoviridae family. Key facts for 2017, no cases of ebola virus disease and marburg haemorrhagic fever were reported in the eueea. This agent was called the marburg virus since most of the cases had occurred in marburg and the greater part of the laboratory work leading to the detection of the virus was performed in. Epidemiological and laboratory findings article pdf available in plos neglected tropical diseases 3. Ebola is a retrovirus, having a negativestranded rna. The windsor file provided definitive evidence of the duke of windsors relationship with highranking nazi officials and increased the suspicion that he was a nazi sympathizer. The following format can be used to cite this factsheet.
Factsheets communication resources ebola ebola virus. Marburg virus marv causes marburg virus disease in humans and nonhuman primates, a form of viral hemorrhagic fever. Barrier and isolation techniques are the best preventive measures for marburg infections. It is an rna virus, superficially resembling rhabdoviruses but has bizarre branching and filamentous or tubular forms shared with no other known virus group on em.
Ebola and marburg fevers european centre for disease. Marburg hemorrhagic fever fact sheet pa department of health. Marburg virus or simply marburg is the common name for the the genus of viruses marburgvirus, which contains one species, lake victoria marburgvirus. Marburg originated in central and east africa, and infects both human and nonhuman primates. Pdf knowledge and attitude towards ebola and marburg virus. The analysis uses pooled data from all marburg cases between 1967 and 2008 to develop. The main clinical features were headache, high fever, diarrhoea, a very characteristic rash, severe bleeding tendency and involvement of the central nervous system. Ebola characteristics and comparisons to other infectious. Like ebola, marburg virus is found in africa and rarely infects humans, but can cause outbreaks with high mortality rates roughly 20% to 90% when it does. Marburg hemorrhagic fever genetic and rare diseases. They are spread through direct contact with the bodily fluids of a sick person and can cause fever, headache, muscle pain. Marburg virus disease previously known as marburg haemorrhagic fever is a virulent disease caused by the marburg virus and has a high case fatality rate cfr that can range between 2580%. Ebola characteristics and comparisons to other infectious diseases the current outbreak of ebola virus in west africa has been declared a public health emergency of international concern by the world health organization who and is the most severe such outbreak of ebola to date. Marburg hf is caused by marburg virus, a genetically unique zoonotic or, animalborne rna virus of the filovirus family.
Marburg hemorrhagic fever, like ebola hemorrhagic fever, is an emerging disease in subsaharan africa, although marburg virus infection appears to be less common and casefatality rates may be somewhat lower than those for ebola virus infection. An acute highly fatal disease first described in marburg, germany in 1967. The marburg virus is transmitted to people from fruit bats and spreads among humans. Methods this report is based on data for 2017 retrieved from the european surveillance system tessy on. Marburg disease the pathology of experimentally infected hamsters. Forty years of marburg virus the journal of infectious. Pdf knowledge and attitude towards ebola and marburg. Marburg hemorrhagic fever marburg hf is a rare, severe type of hemorrhagic fever which affects both humans and nonhuman primates. The disease was first recognized in 1967 in marburg, germany, and. Viral hemorrhagic fever filovirus marburg hemorrhagic fever is a severe viral, zoonotic disease in humans and nonhuman primates. The only other member of this class of viruses is ebola virus. Mvd is a viral hemorrhagic fever vhf, and the clinical symptoms are indistinguishable from ebola virus disease evd.
Viral hemorrhagic fevers ebola and marburg the center for. One of the most shocking pieces of information that came out of the marburg files was the detailed description of germanys plan known as operation willi. After an incubation period of 5 to 10 days, the onset of the disease is sudden and is marked by. Ebola virus and marburg virus are related viruses that cause hemorrhagic fevers illnesses marked by severe bleeding hemorrhage, organ failure and, in many cases, death. Centers for disease control and prevention office of public health scientific services ophss center for surveillance, epidemiology, and laboratory services csels. Jan 24, 2020 there have been 12 known marburg virus disease mvd outbreaks, most recently in 2017 in uganda 3,4. Nearly all organs were involved and showed severe cell necroses. Caused by a genetically unique zoonotic that is, animalborne rna virus of the filovirus family, its recognition le. Marburg virus belongs to the genus marburgvirus in the familyfiloviridae and causes a severe hemorrhagic fever, known as marburg hemorrhagic fever mhf. In this table, provisional cases of notifiable diseases are displayed for united states, u. Diseases that cause haemorrhagic fevers, such as marburg, are often fatal as they affect the bodys vascular system how blood moves through the body. The source of infection was not identified, and no secondary cases were identified. The largest mvd outbreak on record occurred in uige, angola, in 2005, with 227 deaths out of.
Introduction marburg virus disease mvd formerly known as marburg hemorrhagic fever was first identified in 1967 during epidemics in marburg and frankfurt in germany and belgrade in the former yugoslavia from importation of infected monkeys from uganda. Marburg virus was first recognized in 1967, when outbreaks of hemorrhagic fever occurred simultaneously in laboratories in marburg and frankfurt, germany and in belgrade, yugoslavia now serbia. Most species of ebolaviruses and the only known species of marburgvirus occur in africa. Understanding human filovirus hemorrhagic fever fhf clinical manifestations and evaluating treatment strategies require the collection of clinical data in outbreak settings, where clinical documentation has been limited. Despite many years of experience with the viruses, little is known about several important epidemiologic parameters relating to the development of marburg virus disease. In humans, marburgviruses are responsible for marburg virus disease mvd, a zoonotic disease that is. Natural history of aerosol exposure with marburg virus in. Pdf clinical aspects of marburg hemorrhagic fever researchgate.
Marburg viruses have been responsible for a number of outbreaks throughout subsaharan africa, as well as a number of laboratory infections. Forty years ago, in early august 1967, the first filovirus ever detected, marburg virus, made its appearance in europe, causing severe and often fatal hemorrhagic fever in laboratory workers in marburg and frankfurt and, about 4 weeks later, in belgrade. For 2018, no cases of ebola virus disease or marburg haemorrhagic fever were reported in the eueea. Currently, no consensus among filovirus outbreakresponse organisations guides best practice for clinical documentation and data transfer. Pdf marburg virus belongs to the genus marburgvirus in the family. Marburg virus disease mvd, formerly known as marburg haemorrhagic fever, is a severe, often fatal illness in humans. Report on the status of edpln bsl3 in select countries in. Pathology of marburg virus disease marburg hemorrhagic. The disease is characterized by severe clinical symptoms such as high fever, diarrhoea and vomiting, and severe bleeding from most body openings. Members of the family filoviridae can take pleomorphic. Along with ebola virus, marburg virus causes a severe and highly fatal haemorrhagic fever called marburg virus disease which is clinically almost. Marburg hemorrhagic fever mhf is similar to the disease caused by ebola virus ebov. Outbreaks and other threats on 1 august 2018, the ministry of health of the democratic republic of the congo drc declared the tenth outbreak of ebola virus disease affecting north kivu, south kivu and ituri provinces in the northeast of the. Marburg virus induced liver injury retrieved from s.
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